Herr und Frau Bumble verloren ihre Stellen, versanken allmählich in das größte Elend und kamen zuletzt als Arme in dieselbe Anstalt, in der sie einst geherrscht hatten. Was Herrn Giles und Brittles anbelangt, so versehen sie noch immer ihre alten Posten, nur ist ersterer kahl und der junge Brittles grau geworden. Herr Karl Bates war durch das Entsetzen, das ihm Sikes Verbrechen eingeflößt hatte, auf den Gedanken gekommen, daß ein anständiges Leben am Ende doch das beste wäre. Er wandte deshalb dem Schauplatz seiner Vergangenheit den Rücken und nahm sich vor, einen ehrlichen Beruf zu ergreifen. Es kam ihm zwar anfangs hart an, aber nachdem er bei einem Bauern und einem Fuhrmann seine Lehrjahre bestanden, hat er sich auf den Viehhandel gelegt und ist einer der gewandtesten und lustigsten jungen Viehhändler von ganz Northamptonshire geworden. An dem Altar der alten Dorfkirche befindet sich eine weiße Marmortafel, auf der nur das einzige Wort - Agnes - eingegraben ist. Sie bezeichnet keinen Sarg, der darunter liegt. Doch wenn die Geister der Toten auf die Erde zurückkehren, um Stellen zu besuchen, die durch die Liebe geheiligt sind - die über das Grab hinaus, reichende Liebe derjenigen, die sie im Leben kannten - so glaube ich, daß der Geist der armen Dulderin oft diese feierliche Stätte umschwebt, trotzdem die Stätte in einer Kirche ist und sie selbst schwach war und sündig.

Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist

Passage Out:

aus dem Reisebericht 'American Notes' (for General Circulation)

von Charles Dickens; 1842

We all dined together that day; and a rather formidable party we were: no fewer than eighty-six strong. The vessel being pretty deep in the water, with all her coals on board and so many passengers, and the weather being calm and quiet, there was but little motion; so that before the dinner was half over, even those passengers who were most distrustful of themselves plucked up amazingly; and those who in the morning had returned to the universal question, 'Are you a good sailor?' a very decided negative, now either parried the inquiry with the evasive reply,

'Oh! I suppose I'm no worse than anybody else;' or, reckless of all moral obligations, answered boldly 'Yes:' and with some irritation too, as though they would add, 'I should like to know what you see in ME, sir, particularly, to justify suspicion!'

Notwithstanding this high tone of courage and confidence, I could not but observe that very few remained long over their wine; and that everybody had an unusual love of the open air; and that the favourite and most coveted seats were invariably those nearest to the door. The tea-table, too, was by no means as well attended as the dinner-table; and there was less whist-playing than might have been expected. Still, with the exception of one lady, who had retired with some precipitation at dinner-time, immediately after being assisted to the finest cut of a very yellow boiled leg of mutton with very green capers, there were no invalids as yet; and walking, and smoking, and drinking of brandy-and-water (but always in the open air), went on with unabated spirit, until eleven o'clock or thereabouts, when 'turning in' - no sailor of seven hours' experience talks of going to bed - became the order of the night. The perpetual tramp of boot-heels on the decks gave place to a heavy silence, and the whole human freight was stowed away below, excepting a very few stragglers, like myself, who were probably, like me, afraid to go there.

To one unaccustomed to such scenes, this is a very striking time on shipboard. Afterwards, and when its novelty had long worn off, it never ceased to have a peculiar interest and charm for me. The gloom through which the great black mass holds its direct and certain course; the rushing water, plainly heard, but dimly seen; the broad, white, glistening track, that follows in the vessel's wake; the men on the look-out forward, who would be scarcely visible against the dark sky, but for their blotting out some score of glistening stars; the helmsman at the wheel, with the illuminated card before him, shining, a speck of light amidst the darkness, like something sentient and of Divine intelligence; the melancholy sighing of the wind through block, and rope, and chain; the gleaming forth of light from every crevice, nook, and tiny piece of glass about the decks, as though the ship were filled with fire in hiding, ready to burst through any outlet, wild with its resistless power of death and ruin. At first, too, and even when the hour, and all the objects it exalts, have come to be familiar, it is difficult, alone and thoughtful, to hold them to their proper shapes and forms. They change with the wandering fancy; assume the semblance of things left far away; put on the well-remembered aspect of favourite places dearly loved; and even people them with shadows. Streets, houses, rooms; figures so like their usual occupants, that they have startled me by their reality, which far exceeded, as it seemed to me, all power of mine to conjure up the absent; have, many and many a time, at such an hour, grown suddenly out of objects with whose real look, and use, and purpose, I was as well acquainted as with my own two hands.

My own two hands, and feet likewise, being very cold, however, on this particular occasion, I crept below at midnight. It was not exactly comfortable below. It was decidedly close; and it was impossible to be unconscious of the presence of that extraordinary compound of strange smells, which is to be found nowhere but on board ship, and which is such a subtle perfume that it seems to enter at every pore of the skin, and whisper of the hold. Two passengers' wives (one of them my own) lay already in silent agonies on the sofa; and one lady's maid (MY lady's) was a mere bundle on the floor, execrating her destiny, and pounding her curl- papers among the stray boxes. Everything sloped the wrong way: which in itself was an aggravation scarcely to be borne. I had left the door open, a moment before, in the bosom of a gentle declivity, and, when I turned to shut it, it was on the summit of a lofty eminence. Now every plank and timber creaked, as if the ship were made of wicker-work; and now crackled, like an enormous fire of the driest possible twigs. There was nothing for it but bed; so I went to bed.

Courtesy of TheFreeLibrary.com

Zu 'American Notes': Courtesy of The Literary Encyclopedia (http://www.litencyc.com)

In visiting America, however, Dickens was not only viewing and "testing" the new system in America - his own democratic and radical ideas were themselves also being tested and, indeed, modified by this great "laboratory." As he writes in a contemporary letter, "the man who comes to this country a Radical and goes home again with his old opinions unchanged, must be a Radical on reason, sympathy and reflection, and one who has so well considered the subject, that he has no chance of wavering". He is perhaps thinking here of Frances Trollope, whose experience of America changed her from liberal to Tory, but Dickens himself was also irrevocably transformed by his visit. If, as he professes, his "old opinions" and radical ideals remained "unchanged" (which is in itself debatable), his visit to America brought home to him the gulf between those ideals and their realisation, and thus represents a pivotal moment in the development of the darker, more cynical world-view of his later novels.